Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale (EPDS)
"I would like to ask you some questions about how you have been feeling over the past seven days — not just today, but looking back over the whole of the past week. As you read each question, please select the answer that comes closest to how you have felt, not just how you feel right now.
There are no right or wrong answers. I am asking because we want to make sure you are getting the right support at this time. Everything you share is confidential and will be part of your care record."
For self-completion: Hand the questionnaire to the patient and allow them to complete it privately if they prefer. Make clear they can ask for help understanding any question. For clinician-administered completion, read each question and the four response options aloud and record the patient's answer.
The EPDS was originally validated for use in the postnatal period (up to 12 months postpartum). A score of 10 or above suggests possible depression and warrants further assessment. A score of 13 or above is associated with a high likelihood of clinical depression requiring active response. Any score above 0 on Question 10 requires immediate follow-up regardless of total score.
The EPDS does not distinguish between depression and anxiety — it is a screen, not a diagnosis. Consider complementing with clinical interview and, where appropriate, the PHQ-9 for further differentiation.
The EPDS has been validated for use during pregnancy and is now recommended as a routine screening tool in the antenatal period. The same scoring thresholds apply: 10 or above suggests possible depression; 13 or above suggests likely depression requiring active clinical response.
Antenatal depression is common and significantly underdetected. Somatic symptoms (fatigue, sleep changes, appetite changes) may reflect pregnancy itself rather than depression — use clinical judgement and note this in your observations. Questions 1, 2, and 3 relating to laughter, enjoyment, and self-blame are particularly informative in the antenatal period. Any response above 0 on Question 10 requires immediate follow-up.